In the evolving landscape of Middle East diplomacy, phase two of the Gaza peace initiative—spearheaded by international efforts—marks a critical shift toward long-term reconstruction and security. As of January 14, 2026, this stage emphasizes demilitarization, governance reforms, and humanitarian recovery in the war-torn region. For Pakistan, a nation with deep historical ties to Palestinian causes and a track record in global peacekeeping, this development presents both opportunities and dilemmas.
Decoding Phase Two: From Ceasefire to Sustainable Governance
Building on the initial ceasefire achieved in late 2025, which facilitated hostage releases, prisoner exchanges, and partial troop withdrawals, phase two aims to solidify these gains. Announced by U.S. officials, this phase introduces a transitional structure to rebuild Gaza amid ongoing fragility.
Key components include:
- Technocratic Administration: A 15-member committee, known as the National Committee for the Administration of Gaza (NCAG), will oversee daily operations. Led by a seasoned Palestinian figure with experience in planning and authority roles, this body operates under an international oversight board to ensure neutrality and efficiency.
- Demilitarization Efforts: The focus is on disarming non-state actors, including armed groups, to pave the way for a secure environment. This involves the deployment of an International Stabilization Force (ISF) to train local security personnel and maintain order during the transition.
- Reconstruction and Aid: With humanitarian conditions described as dire—marked by widespread displacement and infrastructure collapse—phase two prioritizes rebuilding. However, progress hinges on resolving outstanding issues, such as the return of remaining hostage remains, to avoid setbacks.
This framework, part of a 20-point plan, has garnered support from various stakeholders, including regional mediators. Yet, its success depends on compliance from all parties, with warnings of consequences for non-adherence.
| Element of Phase Two | Description | Potential Challenges |
|---|---|---|
| Governance Setup | Establishment of NCAG for interim rule, linking Gaza and West Bank institutions. | Ensuring factional unity among Palestinian groups like Hamas and the Palestinian Authority. |
| Security Stabilization | ISF deployment for training and oversight, leading to full demilitarization. | Resistance to disarmament and ambiguities in force mandates. |
| Humanitarian Focus | Surge in aid and reconstruction projects post-ceasefire. | Ongoing violations and border restrictions hindering access. |
| Timeline and Oversight | Board-led monitoring with biannual reports to international bodies. | Delays tied to unresolved hostage issues and geopolitical tensions. |
Pakistan’s Strategic Engagement: Support with Safeguards
Pakistan has emerged as a key player in discussions surrounding phase two, particularly regarding the ISF. As a major contributor to United Nations peacekeeping missions worldwide, Islamabad’s potential role in stabilizing Gaza aligns with its longstanding advocacy for Palestinian rights. In recent statements, Pakistani officials have expressed conditional support for the plan, emphasizing the need for a clear mandate that respects sovereignty and promotes lasting peace.
During a January 8, 2026, press briefing, the foreign ministry spokesperson highlighted Pakistan’s suggestions for a peacekeeping force, noting references from U.S. counterparts. However, they stressed awaiting detailed proposals on the ISF’s scope before committing. “We still await those answers with respect to those questions regarding the mandate,” the official remarked, underscoring benchmarks like Israeli withdrawal and unrestricted aid flows.
Pakistan voted in favor of a U.N. Security Council resolution authorizing the ISF in November 2025, but voiced reservations about ambiguities in timelines and roles. Defense Minister Khawaja Muhammad Asif has indicated that a decision on troop deployment is under consultation, balancing economic needs, alliances, and public sentiment. Notably, Pakistan has publicly stated it will not participate in any setup that involves forcibly disarming Palestinian groups without broader political resolutions.
This approach reflects Pakistan’s endorsement of the overall ceasefire framework in September 2025, while advocating for a complete halt to hostilities and settlement expansions to preserve a viable two-state solution. Collaborative efforts with Egypt on a 2026 roadmap further underscore Islamabad’s push for full implementation, including reconstruction.
Geopolitical Ripples: Opportunities and Risks for Pakistan
From Islamabad’s vantage point, engaging in phase two could enhance its diplomatic stature in the Muslim world and strengthen ties with the U.S., especially amid economic pressures. As a nuclear-armed nation with experience in conflict zones, Pakistan’s involvement in the ISF—potentially alongside Indonesia, Azerbaijan, and others—could foster stability while amplifying calls for Palestinian statehood.
However, risks abound. Domestic backlash is a concern, given strong public support for Palestine; any perceived alignment with disarming resistance groups could spark protests. Regionally, it might strain relations with Iran or other actors wary of U.S.-led initiatives. Analysts describe this as a “delicate balancing act,” where Pakistan must safeguard its red lines—such as no direct confrontation with Palestinian factions—while contributing to humanitarian goals.
Broader implications include potential boosts to Pakistan’s economy through international partnerships and reconstruction contracts. Yet, if phase two falters due to ceasefire violations or unresolved issues like the recovery of hostage remains, it could expose participating nations to criticism.
Challenges Ahead: Ensuring Compliance and Unity
Critics argue that phase two’s success depends on addressing core grievances, including full Israeli withdrawal and Palestinian unity. Pakistan has echoed international calls for swift action, warning that settlement expansions threaten the plan’s viability. With the ceasefire described as fragile—marked by reported strikes and aid shortfalls—the ISF’s role becomes even more crucial.
For Pakistan, the decision hinges on clarity: Will the force focus on stabilization or enforcement? Officials have urged unity among Palestinian factions under “one system, one law,” aligning with broader reforms.
Pakistan as a Bridge for Peace
As phase two unfolds, Pakistan’s involvement could position it as a bridge between Western powers and the Global South in resolving one of the world’s most protracted conflicts. By prioritizing humanitarian aid, demilitarization with consent, and political dialogue, Islamabad aims to contribute meaningfully without compromising principles. This moment underscores the interconnectedness of global diplomacy, where actions in Gaza reverberate across borders. Stakeholders worldwide will watch closely as consultations progress, hoping for a framework that delivers enduring stability.
