The European Union is facing a crucial juncture as it contemplates enlargement to accommodate up to 35 members. According to a recent report by the Cologne Institute for Economic Research (IW), reforms within the EU institutions – the European Commission, Council, and Parliament – are imperative to ensure the Union’s ability to function effectively amidst this expansion.
Challenges of Unanimity Principle:
A key issue highlighted in the IW report is the existing unanimity principle for decision-making among member states, particularly in areas of foreign, security, and tax policies. With the prospect of enlargement, the risk of one member vetoing decisions in these critical areas becomes more prominent. The IW proposes replacing unanimity with a majority principle to streamline decision-making processes.
Enlargement Prospects and Current Initiatives:
The recent decision to commence accession talks with Ukraine and Moldova, amid geopolitical tensions with Russia, underscores the relevance of EU enlargement discussions. Formal talks are already ongoing with Albania, North Macedonia, Serbia, and Montenegro, with Bosnia-Herzegovina, Georgia, and Turkey as formal candidates. The European Commission’s intention to recommend accession talks with Bosnia-Herzegovina further underscores the momentum towards enlargement.
Challenges with Existing Accession Talks:
While accession talks with Turkey commenced in 2005, concerns regarding authoritarianism under President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan have stalled progress. Kosovo’s recognition status poses a hurdle, despite being listed as a potential candidate by the European Commission. Addressing these challenges is essential for the successful integration of new members.
Institutional Adjustments for Enlargement:
Enlargement would necessitate structural adjustments within the European Commission to accommodate additional members. The IW advocates for a more robust organizational framework to enhance task distribution. Additionally, reallocating European Parliament seats to new member states while maintaining the current seat limit is suggested to ensure fair representation post-enlargement.
Conclusion:
As the EU navigates the complexities of enlargement, instituting necessary reforms within its institutions is crucial for sustaining efficiency and decision-making capabilities. Addressing challenges related to decision-making mechanisms, ongoing accession talks, and institutional structuring will be pivotal in ensuring the success of EU enlargement efforts. By proactively adapting to the changing landscape, the EU can continue to evolve and uphold its core values amidst a shifting geopolitical environment.
