The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) is a vital forum where global leaders convene annually to discuss pressing international issues. As the 79th session of the UNGA approaches, set to commence on September 24, 2024, the international community is gearing up for a pivotal series of discussions that will address a wide range of topics. This year’s theme, “Leaving No One Behind: Acting Together for the Advancement of Peace, Sustainable Development, and Human Dignity for Present and Future Generations,” underscores the need for collective action and global solidarity.
Overview of the UNGA’s Role and Significance
The United Nations General Assembly, formed in 1945 with 51 member states, now comprises 193 member countries. The Assembly meets annually to discuss and address global issues, with each session featuring speeches from a diverse array of leaders, including heads of state, prime ministers, and various other high-ranking officials. This year’s session will feature speeches from approximately 87 heads of state, 45 heads of government, and various other officials, all addressing the theme of the Assembly.
The UNGA serves as a forum for member states to deliberate on global challenges and develop cooperative solutions. It is known for its broad representation, as well as its capacity to adopt resolutions that reflect the collective will of the international community.
Key Issues on the Agenda
The War in Gaza
One of the most pressing issues likely to dominate discussions at this year’s UNGA is the ongoing conflict in Gaza. The humanitarian crisis has escalated dramatically, with over 41,000 casualties reported. The conflict, which began with a Hamas attack on Israeli civilians on October 7, 2023, has continued to deteriorate, drawing international concern. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas are scheduled to address the Assembly, and many leaders are expected to call for a ceasefire and renewed peace negotiations.
The Ukraine Conflict
The war in Ukraine remains a critical issue on the global stage. Since Russia’s invasion in 2022, the UNGA has adopted multiple resolutions condemning Moscow’s actions and demanding the withdrawal of Russian troops. The Assembly has consistently voiced strong support for Ukraine, with significant backing for resolutions addressing the illegal annexation of Ukrainian territories by Russia. This year, discussions are anticipated to focus on further actions to support Ukraine and pressure Russia to cease hostilities.
Climate Change
Climate change is a central theme of this year’s General Assembly. Leaders from vulnerable nations, particularly small island states and countries significantly impacted by climate change, will likely advocate for urgent action to address global warming. The need to limit global temperature rise to 1.5°C remains a critical concern. The Assembly provides a platform for these nations to amplify their calls for stronger international commitments to climate action and sustainable development.
UN Security Council Reform
The issue of UN Security Council reform is expected to be prominently featured in the discussions. Many member states, including key powers like Brazil, Germany, India, and Japan, have long advocated for changes to the Security Council’s structure. Proposed reforms include expanding the Council’s membership and modifying or limiting the veto power held by the permanent members— the United States, Russia, China, the United Kingdom, and France. The goal is to make the Council more representative of the contemporary global landscape and more effective in maintaining international peace and security.
The Summit of the Future
Prior to the General Assembly speeches, the UN will host the Summit of the Future from September 22 to 23, 2024. This summit is crucial as it will focus on three key documents: a pact for the future, a declaration on future generations, and a global digital compact. These documents aim to address long-term global challenges and establish frameworks for sustainable development and digital governance.
The Summit is expected to set the stage for the discussions at the UNGA, providing a foundation for the implementation of ambitious goals and initiatives. John McArthur, Director of the Center for Sustainable Development at Brookings, and a senior fellow in Global Economy and Development, will provide insights into these discussions, emphasizing the need for actionable strategies to meet the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Progress and Challenges in Achieving the SDGs
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted by all 193 UN member states in 2015, outlines 17 SDGs aimed at addressing a wide range of global challenges, from eradicating poverty to combating climate change. Despite some progress, recent analyses indicate that the world is still far from achieving many of these goals.
Key areas of concern include:
- Hunger and Food Security: The fight against hunger has faced setbacks, particularly in conflict zones, where food insecurity has worsened.
- Child Mortality: While there have been significant advancements in reducing child mortality rates, challenges remain in many regions.
- Climate Action: Environmental issues, including climate change and biodiversity loss, present critical risks. The world must address these issues with greater urgency to avoid crossing dangerous thresholds.
Critical global issues
The 79th session of the United Nations General Assembly promises to be a significant event, addressing critical global issues and setting the stage for future international cooperation. From conflicts in Gaza and Ukraine to the urgent need for climate action and Security Council reform, the discussions will reflect the complexities of the current global landscape. As leaders gather in New York, the international community will be watching closely, hoping for constructive outcomes that advance peace, sustainable development, and human dignity for all.
References
- United Nations General Assembly. (2024). 79th Session Overview. Retrieved from UN Website
- International Labour Organization. (2024). World Social Protection Report 2024-26. Retrieved from ILO Website
- Brookings Institution. (2024). The Center for Sustainable Development. Retrieved from Brookings Website
- Sustainable Development Goals Knowledge Platform. (2024). Progress on the SDGs. Retrieved from SDG Knowledge Platform
